Friday, January 07, 2022
B.Sc. (General) 4th Semester
Microbiology
Paper-MIC-401: Introduction to Medical Microbiology-II
Allowed: Three Hours
Maximum Marks: 33
Attempt five questions in all including Question No. 1 which is compulsory. Select one question from each Sections A, B, C, and D.
1. Compulsory:
(a) Define the terms: Dental plaque, Vector, Epidemiology, Immunization, Commensal, Toxigenicity.
(b) How are germ-free animals obtained and reared?
(c) List out some antifungal and antiviral drugs.
SECTION-A
2. (a) What are nosocomial infections? What are the main sources of nosocomial infections?
(b) In addition to vaccination, what are some additional precautions global travellers should take?
3) (a) What are the main factors responsible for the emergence or re-emergence of pathogens?
(b) Describe briefly airborne and contact transmission of microorganisms in the human population.
SECTION-B
4. (a) What benefits might a human host derive from the normal flora?
(b) Describe briefly the factors that tend to remove microorganisms from the large intestine.
5. Explain briefly the importance of occurrence of.......
(i) Streptococcus mutants on the teeth surface
(ii) Lactobacillus sp. in vagina.
SECTION-C
6. (a) List two components of microorganisms responsible for adherence to host tissue.
(b) Differentiate between exotoxins and endotoxins?
7. (a) Differentiate between active and passive penetration of microorganisms in the human body.
(b) Define the terms: Pathogenicity, Virulence, Minimum Lethal Dose, Infection, Bacteremia, and Septicemia.
SECTION-D
8. (a) Antibiotics are generally effective against bacterial infections but ineffective against viral infections. Why? Explain.
(b) Why is it important to determine the susceptibility of antibacterial drugs? How can this be done?
9. (a) Explain briefly why most of the drugs are becoming resistant to microorganisms nowadays.
(b) Describe briefly the mechanisms of action of tetracycline and chloramphenicol on bacteria.
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North India Campus